The+Early+Cold+War

 Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO. **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** ** [|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO] ** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**  

> | > **-** Established in the aftermath of World War II in an attempt to stabilize international relations and create a firm foundation for peace. > - They have served as a sort of watchdog to the world for more than 50 years > - As ABC clio says, " Its original definition as an association of independent and sovereign states established "to maintain international peace and security" and to promote international cooperation for the creation of positive political, economic, and social conditions has placed it in the center of various tragedies, scandals, and triumphs." > - || > **CONTAINMENT** > **-** The goal was to stop the spread of communism. > - This meant that the US would work in military and nonmilitary ways to contain communism. > - Containment is a policy that was first implemented by the United States in 1947 in response to communism > - It is meant to prevent—through political, economic, and diplomatic methods—the growth of a hostile country's territory and to limit the country's ideological influence.
 * || **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established
 * **THE UNITED NATIONS**

> > - This promised aid to people struggling to resist threats to democratic freedom. > - On March 12, 1947, in a message to Congress, President Harry Truman laid out a foreign policy doctrine for the United States in the early days of the cold war that subsequently became known as the Truman Doctrine. > - The policy was one that mandated an active role for the United States in containing the spread of communism around the world. > //-// It also formed the backbone of America's cold war policy and led to both financial and military entanglements throughout the world, including the wars in Korea and Vietnam. || > **THE MARSHALL PLAN** >>
 * **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * The **Marshall Plan** was the large American program to help Europe where the United States sent monetary support to help rebuild European economies in order to combat the spread of communism.
 * Marshall wrote a speech, and in his speech, Marshall proposed that the nations of Europe outline a comprehensive plan for their own economic recovery—with U.S. financial support.
 * The European Economic Cooperation met in Paris to begin drafting a plan in response to Marshall's offer.
 * By September, they had completed a detailed, four-year program and submitted it to Washington.
 * Throughout the fall of 1947 and into the winter of 1948, Truman and Marshall campaigned in Washington and throughout the country for support for the measure. Many in Washington were opposed to providing more help to Europe after the expense and sacrifice of the war.

>> > || **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT** >> > > **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** > **-** Communist China saw the movement of UN forces into North Korea as a threat to China's security. > - Chinese leaders warned that a further advance would force them to enter the war, and ignoring the warning, the UN forces fushed on toward the Yalu River. > - Hundreds of thousands Chinese Communist troops attacked in human waves across the Yalu River into North Korea. > - General MacArthur requested permission to blockade China's coastline and bomb china, truman refused. He thought that such action would draw the soviet union in and make the conflict a world war. || > > >>> ||
 * **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT**
 * The Berlin airlift was a massive transfer of essential supplies flown into Berlin, Germany during 1948 and 1949 by British and U.S. forces in around-the-clock missions.
 * The **Berlin Blockade** was one of the first major [|international crises] of the [|Cold War] and the first resulting in casualties.
 * During the multinational occupation of post- [|World War II] [|Germany], the [|Soviet Union] blocked the Western Allies' railway and road access to the sectors of [|Berlin] under Allied control.
 * In response, the Western Allies organized the **Berlin Airlift** to carry supplies to the people in West Berlin. The United Kingdom's [|Royal Air Force] and the recently independent [|United States Air Force] flew over 200,000 flights in one year, providing up to 4700 tonnes of daily necessities such as fuel and food to the Berliners. ||
 * The **Warsaw Pact** is the informal name for the **Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance**.
 * The treaty was a [|mutual defense] treaty subscribed to by eight [|communist states] in [|Eastern Europe].
 * NATO stands for The **North Atlantic Treaty Organization.**
 * Also called the **Atlantic Alliance**, is an [|intergovernmental] [|military alliance] based on the [|North Atlantic Treaty] which was signed on 4 April 1949.
 * The [|NATO headquarters] are in [|Brussels], [|Belgium].
 * For its first few years, NATO was not much more than a political association. However, the [|Korean War] galvanized the member states, and an integrated military structure was built up under the direction of two U.S. supreme commanders.
 * **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC**
 * The red scare refers to the irrational but rampant fear of communism that swept the United States twice during the 20th century.
 * The first red scare took place after [|World War I] during 1919-1920, when there was widespread hysteria over labor strikes and protest movements
 * The second red scare occurred during a period of the cold war in the late 1940s and early 1950s when Americans were particularly concerned with the rise of communism.
 * The trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for conspiracy to commit [|espionage] in wartime under the [|Espionage Act] of 1917, the same law that had been at issue in// [|Schenck v. United States] //[| (1919)], took place in [|New York] during March 6-29, 1951.
 * **THE SPACE RACE**
 * The **Space Race** was a mid-to-late twentieth century competition between the [|Soviet Union] and the [|United States] for supremacy in outer space exploration.
 * [|Cold War] rivalry between the two nations focused on attaining firsts in space exploration, which were seen as necessary for national security and symbolic of technological and ideological superiority.
 * The Space Race involved pioneering efforts to launch [|artificial satellites], sub-orbital and orbital [|human spaceflight] around the Earth, and piloted voyages to the [|Moon].
 * MCCARTHYISM**
 * **McCarthyism** is the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence.
 * The term has its origins in the period in the United States known as the [|Second Red Scare], lasting roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s and characterized by heightened fears of [|communist] influence on American institutions and [|espionage] by [|Soviet] agents.